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THE USE OF BIG DATA ANALYSIS IN PLANNING CURRENT
AND MAJOR REPAIRS OF THE HOUSING STOCK
Authors: A.V. Krutskikh, E.I. Korneeva
Abstract: The article considers the development of big data technologies (Big Data) in the sphere of housing and communal services. Real estate management systems (BMS) for automation of current and capital repair control are analyzed. In order to prepare data in BMS standard stages of data processing for analysis are used, including data integration, cleaning and transformation, as well as the introduction of machine learning algorithms. The problems of implementation of big data technologies in the sphere of housing and utilities sector and complexities of processing official data on apartment buildings are highlighted.
Keywords: Big Data, data analysis, machine learning, forecasting, classification, maintenance, major repairs, housing stock.
OPERATION AND SERVICE OF MELIORATION HYDRAULIC STRUCTURES
NOT INVOLVED IN THE NATIONAL ECONOMY
Authors: N.P. Kurbatov
Abstract: The article is devoted to the analysis of operation of low-pressure hydraulic structure, created for irrigation of agricultural crops. It is noted that at present the structure is not in operation, there is a small head in front of the dam in the upper embankment, but the emergency situation can lead to human casualties.
Keywords: hydraulic structures, melioration dams, wind-wave erosion dam slopes, repair and restoration work, reliability.
APPLICATION OF COMPOSITE REINFORCEMENT IN CONCRETE RINGS OF WATER SUPPLY AND SEWAGE WELLS
Authors: Yu.Yu. Kuryatnikov
Abstract: The article notes that the effects of aggressive substances in groundwater and sewage can lead to the destruction of concrete and steel reinforcement in reinforced concrete products. In particular, concrete rings of water supply and sewerage wells are exposed to such effects. One of the solutions to this problem is presented, the possibility of using glass composite reinforcement for manhole rings to increase their durability is substantiated. It is proved that glass composite reinforcement can be an alternative to steel reinforcement without deterioration of mechanical characteristics of manhole rings.
Keywords: well rings, fiberglass reinforcement, reinforcement corrosion, strength and crack resistance testing.
THE USE OF LASER TECHNOLOGIES IN THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY
Authors: Yu.N. Moskvina, A.V. Krutskikh
Abstract: The article considers the use of laser technologies in the construction industry, significantly changing the approach to the design and construction of objects. It is noted that laser application not only allows to optimize the working process, but also contributes to the creation of more stable, safe and effectively managed objects, changes the image of the construction industry as a whole. It is pointed out that modern directions of laser use are remote cutting during dismantling of structures, laser processing of materials, laser scanning of objects.
Keywords: construction, laser, dismantling, laser processing, prototyping.
THE ROLE OF MICROSILICA ADDITIVE
IN CORROSION RESISTANT CEMENTITIOUS COMPOSITES
Authors: V.B. Petropavlovskaya, T.B. Novichenkova, K.S. Petropavlovskii,
M.S. Zverev, R.Z. Tsybina
Abstract: The research is devoted to the topic of creating a highly dispersed mineral complex for the formation of corrosion-resistant cement stone with a compacted structure and high performance properties. The introduction of a highly active additive with a high content of amorphous phase has a positive effect on the structure of cement stone obtained on the basis of ordinary Portland cement. The spaces between hydration products and unreacted cement particles formed as a result of cement hydration are filled with air pores and dispersion medium including ions of calcium, sodium, potassium, OH-groups, as well as participating in the processes of cement stone structure formation. The introduction of microsilica phase in the appropriate proportion is reflected in the formation of pore space and properties of the obtained artificial stone. The properties of cement compositions with optimal formulation for use in road construction have been studied.
Keywords: portland cement, microsilica, structure, pore space.
IMPROVEMENT OF HYDROPHYSICAL PROPERTIES
OF MODIFIED HEAVY-DUTY CONCRETE WORKING
IN SEVERE OPERATING CONDITIONS
Authors: E.V. Tkach, Yu.S. Filimonova, D.R. Yankovich, V.I. Paevsky
Abstract: The article presents the results of research on the positive effect of complex modification on the properties of heavy concrete. The study was carried out by reducing the content of binder (cement) and replacing it with metakaolin, due to which the hydrophysical characteristics were increased. It is noted that the positive results of the study make it possible to apply this composition in practice to obtain building structures with specified characteristics, and such structures can be operated under conditions of increased load and aggressive environment, in particular, in the construction of tunnels.
Keywords: tunnel structures, aggressive environmental factors, complex modifier, hydrophysical properties, harsh operating conditions.
THE USE OF BASALT FIBER AND MICROCALCITE ADDITIVES
IN THE COMPOSITIONS OF EFFECTIVE BASALT FIBER CONCRETE
Authors: K.A. Ekvist, V.V. Belov
Abstract: In the article it is noted that concrete thin-walled facing products are increasingly used in modern construction, in connection with which there is a need to create a composition, the products of which, on the one hand, should look aesthetically pleasing, and on the other hand - have a number of necessary construction and technical properties. It is indicated that the finished products meet strict requirements for strength, crack resistance, frost resistance and corrosion resistance. One of the solutions to this problem is the use of fiber as a microreinforcing component. The influence of basalt fiber and microcalcite on concrete characteristics was investigated.
Keywords: basalt fiber, micro-reinforcing component, microcalcite additive, basalt fiber concrete.
EXPLAINABLE ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE METHODS FOR POWER AND ELECTRICITY SYSTEMS: REVIEW, CHALLENGES AND POSSIBILITIES
Authors: M.A. Kulikova, O.N. Torgovanova, K.B. Korneev
Abstract: The paper considers the prospects of using explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) methods in the field of electric power industry related to increasing the explainability of machine learning models and improving the understanding of their results. Common problems and limitations caused by the introduction of XAI methods in the field of power engineering and electric power systems are presented.
Keywords: electric power industry, power system, neural networks, deep learning, explainable artificial intelligence, XAI.
LAWS OF THERMAL RADIATION OF GASEOUS VOLUMES
OF ELECTRIC ARC STEEL-MELTING FURNACES, FLARE HEATING FURNACES, STEAM BOILER FURNACES, COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
OF GAS TURBINE PLANTS
Authors: A.N. Makarov
Abstract: The results of the analysis of heat sources entering a high-power arc steelmaking furnace (ASF) are presented. It is stated that electric arcs are the main sources of heat in ASF; heat exchange of ionized gas volumes of arcs and non-ionized gas volumes of flares of gas-oxygen burners with heating surfaces in ASF is carried out by thermal radiation. It is proved that there is a significant error in calculating the heat exchange of gas volumes of arcs and flares with heating surfaces according to the law of thermal radiation of solid bodies, i.e. according to the Stefan – Boltzmann law. The laws of quantum thermal radiation of gas volumes of electric arcs and flares, flares, flare heating furnaces (FHF), steam boiler furnaces (SBF) of thermal power plants, combustion chambers (CC) of gas turbine units (GTU) of power plants discovered in Russia in 1996–2001 are considered. It is noted that, according to the open laws, cylindrical gas volumes of arcs, flares are inscribed in the gas volumes of arcs, flares and in calculations their thermal radiation is modeled with high accuracy by thermal radiation of cylindrical symmetry axes. On the basis of the open laws the methodology of heat exchange calculation in ASF, FHF, SBF, CC of GTU is developed.
Keywords: electric arc, torch, heat exchange by radiation, gas volumes, laws of thermal radiation, furnaces, fireboxes, combustion chamber
DETERMINATION OF RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES
OF SOLID DISPERSED SYSTEMS USED IN THE PRODUCTION
OF BUILDING MATERIALS APPLYING CONE PENETRATION TECHNIQUE.
PART 3. PILOT STUDIES
Authors: V.V. Belov
Abstract: The article describes how, using a penetration viscometer and a specially developed technique, the limiting shear stress and viscosity were measured in compacted solid three-phase dispersed systems: hammer-moistened sand of various dispersities, mixtures of ground and Volsky sand of natural dispersion and cement-sand mixtures. It is noted that the obtained dependences of rheological characteristics on humidity, specific surface area and porosity show a direct relationship between the rheological properties of three-phase dispersed systems with capillary coupling. This makes it possible to effectively influence the amount of capillary adhesion and the associated rheological properties of dispersed systems used for the production of building materials.
Keywords: structured dispersed systems, ultimate shear stress and viscosity, cone penetration method, cone rheometer.
INVESTIGATION OF THE KINETICS OF COPPER DISSOLUTION
BY THE PHOTOMETRIC METHOD WITH BIS(CYCLOHEXANONE)OXALYL DIHYDRAZONE IN THE FORMATION OF MULTI-LIGAND COMPLEXES
Authors: S.L. Gortsevich, A.I. Pichugina, A.E. Sobolev, V.D. Medenkov
Abstract: The kinetics of oxidative dissolution of copper at formation of dissimilar ligand complexes has been investigated. The kinetic parameters of the dissolution process were determined by the rotating disk method and quantitative determination of metal by photometric method with bis(cyclohexanone)oxalyl dihydrazone, and a mathematical model of the dependence of the rate of copper transition into solution on the process parameters was obtained.
Keywords: kinetics of oxidative dissolution, activation energy, rate constant, cuprizon.
INVESTIGATION OF THE CURING PROCESSES OF UNSATURATED POLYESTER RESINS BY THE METHOD OF MULTIPLE DISTURBED
TOTAL INTERNAL REFLECTION
Authors: A.I. Pichugina, N.Yu. Starovoitova, M.V. Ospennikov
Abstract: A study of the curing processes of a pre-accelerated, unsaturated polyester resin by the method of IR-Fourier spectroscopy using the prefix of multiple disturbed total internal reflection was carried out. The optimal ratio of components has been obtained to achieve maximum polymer strength and minimum emission of harmful styrene into the environment.
Keywords: unsaturated polyester resin, degree of curing, methyl ethyl ketone peroxide, Fourier infrared spectroscopy.
AN EFFECTIVE MEANS OF COMBATING PREMATURE DESTRUCTION
OF ASPHALT CONCRETE PAVEMENT IN THE AREAS
OF JOINTS AND SEAMS
Authors: E.O. Prokudin, V.V. Savitsky, V.E. Nikolaevsky, D.Yu. Nebratenko
Abstract: The article states that the service life of road surfaces for federal highways is determined by the Russian Government Resolution No. 658 of May 30, 2017 and is 24 years for all categories. In the previous Resolution (dated August 23, 2007, No. 539, as amended in 2015), these terms were 12 years. It is noted that the doubling of inter-repair periods should be accompanied by a sharp increase in the quality of road construction, the emergence of breakthrough design, structural and technological solutions, but major repairs of road pavements are still carried out after 10-12 years, usually referring to harsh climatic conditions, increased traffic loads, design flaws, violation of technology. Even with high-quality paving, there are areas in asphalt concrete pavements that show signs of destruction after the first season of operation. These are joints in the body of the pavement, where the newly laid mix adjoins the previously laid mix. It is emphasized that the reason is trivial: at the points of contact it is very difficult to ensure the required density and monolithicity of the mixture. It was proposed to solve the problem of “splicing” of adjoining fragments of the pavement layer on the basis of application of bituminous-polymer jointing tapes, as in Russia there is already experience of their application, and monitoring of the pavement condition in the joint zone shows that the use of bituminous-polymer jointing tapes provides significant advantages by ensuring monolithic jointing during the period of the pavement pavement paving.
Keywords: connecting bitumen-polymer tapes, polymer-modify bitumen, interface joints.
INVESTIGATION OF THE POLYETHYLENE TEREPHTHALATE ACID GROUPS CONTENT IN DEPENDENCE OF INDUSTRIAL SYNTHESIS PARAMETERS
Authors: N.Yu. Starovoitova, A.I. Pichugina, A.G. Kovalev, A.V. Nicolaev
Abstract: In the present work the influence of physical parameters of polyethylene terephthalate polycondensation process on carboxyl (acid) number was investigated. The data were obtained by photometric titration method. The dependences of the concentration of carboxyl groups in the polymer on the acid number measured during the synthesis of polyethylene terephthalate, as well as the nature of the dependences of these characteristics on some physical parameters of the process (pressure, temperature, volume of the reaction mixture) have been revealed. The obtained results will help operators of technological installations to control the synthesis process rationally and optimally.
Keywords: polyesters, polycondensation, polyethylene terephthalate, photometric titration.
METHOD OF POLYMER WASTE DISPOSAL
Authors: K.V. Chalov, E.I. Laguseva, Yu.V. Lugovoy, V.Yu. Doluda
Abstract: The paper presents methods of utilization and recycling of polymer waste. The methods of utilization of cross-linked (cured) polymer waste, which are not subject to recycling, are considered. The main directions of research of waste utilization process are shown: chemical and thermal. The comparison of thermal stability of high-pressure polyethylene and cross-linked polyethylene is carried out. The process of thermal destruction is studied on NETZSCH TG 209 F1 thermo scale; the temperature range of polyethylene (LDPE) and cross-linked polyethylene (PE-Xa) destruction is determined.
Keywords: recycling, cross-linked polymers, processing, thermal destruction, pyrolysis.