About the number
MAIN DIRECTIONS AND PROBLEMS
IN PRODUCTION OF MODERN HIGH-STRENGTH CONCRETES
Authors: V.V. Belov, М.А. Smirnov, P.V. Kulyaev
Abstract: The study of the problem of forming the strength of materials as dispersed structures at the junction of such fundamental sciences as physical and colloidal chemistry, solid medium mechanics and structural theory of destruction makes it possible to effectively search for optimal compositions of composite materials, build models of the material structure in volume, apply physical laws and predict changes in material properties depending on external conditions. Taking into account the optimal distribution of structural elements in the volume of construction material makes it possible to fully describe the material management and, in particular, significantly increase the strength of concrete and obtain its new promising types.
Keywords: structure of the material, optimal formulation, reconstruction of the spatial properties of the material, strength, modification with chemical additives, fillers.
CALCULATION OF HEAT TRANSFER IN PERIODIC INSTALLATIONS
WITH HEATING REGISTERS FOR HEAT AND MOISTURE TREATMENT
OF REINFORCED CONCRETE PRODUCTS
Authors: S.V. Zhernosek, V.V. Pyatov, V.I. Gultyaev
Abstract: The work is aimed at improving the energy efficiency of technologies for the production of precast concrete products through the rational organization of the heat and moisture treatment process in periodic installations. A study of the heat transfer mechanism based on criteria equations describing the heating patterns of the bases of molding tracks using registers on smooth pipes has been carried out. An analysis of the main patterns of the heat balance of the tracks made it possible to calculate the required amount of saturated steam to ensure the required performance of the heat treatment process of products with the given parameters of the heating registers and the use of a standard plate heat exchanger of the “steam-water” type for the preparation of the secondary coolant. The results of the work confirmed the high energy efficiency of the process of making reinforced concrete products on molding tracks with heating registers on smooth pipes.
Keywords: precast concrete products, heat and moisture treatment, heating registers, periodic installations, processing modes, heat exchanger, saturated steam.
ON THE USE OF POLYURETHANE SINGLE-COMPONENT ADHESIVE FOAM
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF AERATED CONCRETE JUMPERS
Authors: A.V. Levikov, A.Sh. Magdeev
Abstract: The rapid development of modern cities and megacities, an increase in the level of urbanization, population growth, and, accordingly, an increase in the number of cars lead to a shortage of organized parking spaces. The article reveals the advantages and disadvantages of various methods of designing and constructing parking lots and offers an analysis of the economic efficiency of ramp and mechanized parking lots in the conditions of existing development. Based on the results of the analysis of various options for creating parking spaces in historical city centers, the optimal method has been determined from the point of view of capital and operating costs.
Keywords: aboveground parking, mechanized parking, parking, economic efficiency of parking lots, classification of parking lots.
APPLICATION OF PRODUCTION WASTE COMPOSITE GRIDS
FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CONCRETE PRODUCTS
Authors: V.I. Trofimov
Abstract: The article analyzes the methods used for concrete reinforcement based on the use of waste from industrial production of composite grids to improve the efficiency of road concrete products. It is proposed to strengthen the road concrete slab to perform dispersed reinforcement with composite microgrids and multi-anchor fiber of various lengths obtained from production waste. The results of tests of model samples reinforced with a new fiber are presented. The tests proved the possibility of their effective use in the production of high-strength road concrete slabs.
Keywords: production waste, road plate, strength, dispersed reinforcement.
ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECT OF THE AUTOMATION ON THE MAINTENANCE
OF THE ELECTRIC POWER MODE OF OPERATION OF THE POWER SYSTEM
OF A LARGE RUSSIAN CITY
Authors: A.S. Dyundin, K.B. Korneev
Abstract: The article describes the results of calculating the impact of the installation of voltage reduction limitation automation on the maintenance of the electric power mode of operation of the power system of a city with a shortage of its own power plants. The locations and the need to install voltage reduction limitation automation are justified. Examples of calculating the electric power mode of operation of the city's power system are given.
Keywords: controlled cross-section, maximum allowable overflow, emergency shutdown, electric power mode.
APPLICATION OF NUMERICAL METHODS
TO SIMULATE THE OPERATION OF AN OZONATOR
Authors: D.V. Maksudov
Abstract: A mathematical model of the physical processes occurring in the ozonizer has been developed, and the results of numerical calculations carried out when implementing this model using the Scilab software package are presented. To verify the results of numerical experiments, full-scale experimental studies of the dependence of ozone concentration on time were carried out.
Keywords: ozonator, gas-discharge processes, numerical methods.
COMPLETE ACCOUNTING OF THE ENERGY OF THE ELECTROSTATIC FIELD OF CHARGED SPHERES
Authors: I.P. Popov
Abstract: We consider an electrostatic field created by a system of two like or unlike charges. Calculations are performed for charges located on spherical non-conducting surfaces, and the results obtained can be generalized to any shape of charged objects. The purpose of the study is to improve the correctness of electrostatic calculations, eliminating the possibility of obtaining unreliable results in the form of infinitely large energy. Electrostatic methods are used. The field energy is determined in two ways – through energy density and integration over the volume occupied by the field, as well as by calculating the work done during the hypothetical movement of charged objects. Three definitions of different types of electrostatic energy are given. Formulas are obtained for the corresponding energies for various combinations of charges.
Keywords: total, conditional realizable, unrealizable, stored energy; like, unlike charges.
CAD WITH INDEPENDENT DESIGN OF POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS,
TAKING INTO ACCOUNT THE CRITERIA OF RELIABILITY AND EFFICIENCY
Authors: S.S. Trunov, A.V. Krupnov
Abstract: The creation of a promising mathematical model for CAD in the field of power supply is considered, taking into account the reliability of the power supply elements of the technological process, as well as the independent planning of power transmission lines by the program based on the parameter «efficiency – reliability» and «sectors of restriction».
Keywords: CAD, reliability and efficiency of power supply, mathematical model, independent calculation of the location of power lines and electrical receivers.
THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL FEATURES OF THE TRANSFORMATION
OF ALCOHOLS INTO HYDROCARBONS
Authors: R.V. Brovko
Abstract: The continuous depletion of natural resources as the main raw material for the production of hydrocarbons has led to widespread research into biorenewable raw materials, especially bioalcohols. The use of an alternative type of raw material based on biomass will significantly improve both the environmental situation in the world, due to the reduction of emissions from the combustion of light gases, and the economic one. It is worth noting that the processing of alcohols obtained from plant raw materials may be the most promising, since various grain crops, forest waste, biomass, etc. are used in the process of obtaining bioalcohols. The presented article presents some features of the production of synthetic hydrocarbons from ethanol, butanol and isopropanol as biorenewable raw materials. A method for transforming alcohols into hydrocarbons is also presented.
Keywords: ethanol, butanol, isopropanol, hydrocarbons, transformation, catalysis, zeolite, HZSM-5, biorenewable alcohols.
THEORETICAL FEATURES OF FOAM FORMATION
Authors: G.A. Tumanov, V.Yu. Doluda, A.A. Malkov
Abstract: The article presents the theoretical aspects of the structure, formation and degradation of foams, as well as the main characteristics of foams that affect their stability. Foams of various compositions and structures attract the attention of scientists and researchers from various fields due to the large surface area and the dynamic nature of its change. Foam plays an important role in a wide variety of industries, from the production of everyday products such as shaving cream and washing powder to complex technological processes. Many properties of foams are a direct consequence of their geometric structure.
Keywords: dry foam, liquid foam, dispersibility, surface tension, equation of state.
TECHNOLOGY FOR EXTRACTING METEOROLOGICAL DATA
FROM AN INTERNET SITE TO ASSESS THE ECOLOGICAL CONDITION
Authors: E.B. Sergeev, E.S. Tshovrebov
Abstract: The article describes a technology for extracting weather data from an Internet site for a large number of localities. The method is based on the analysis of strings of files representing individual pages of the site. The technology uses both a standard parsing technique and a fundamentally different approach to data extraction, which this article is devoted to. The planned result of the introduction of this technology, which is being tested, will be to increase the level of completeness and validity of environmental information on the state of the environment in human settlements and, as a result, expand the possibility of early forecasting of environmentally unfavorable, natural and man-made emergencies, planning a set of measures to protect the population, the natural environment and economic facilities from threats of emergency situations and their negative consequences.
Keywords: forecasting, environmental safety, information technology, meteorological data, settlements.