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DETERMINATION OF GEOMETRIC PARAMETERS OF A CONSTRUCTION OBJECT USING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE TECHNOLOGIES
Authors: S.K. Ankushina, A.D. Kiselyov, A.S. Dvuzhilov, S.A. Sokolov
Abstract: The article examines the methodology for determining the geometric parameters of construction objects. When using artificial intelligence technology, photos and satellite images are analyzed. The accuracy of determining the dimensions of panel residential buildings is evaluated. The key factors influencing the reliability of measurement results are determined. A method for processing spatial data using artificial intelligence has been proposed, which makes it possible to significantly reduce time costs and increase the objectivity of the results obtained. The practical significance of the work lies in the possibility of applying the developed methodology when planning housing repairs.
Keywords: artificial intelligence, determination of geometric parameters, construction sites, panel buildings, photographic images, satellite data, automated processing, repair work, technical inspection, computer technology.
SELF-HEALING DECORATIVE CONCRETES FOR THE MANUFACTURE
OF SMALL ARCHITECTURAL FORMS
Authors: N.A. Belov, Yu.Yu. Kuryatnikov, V.V. Belov
Abstract: The use of self-healing decorative concrete to prevent the appearance of cracks and to increase the material's resistance to various natural and man-made factors is considered. The compositions of concrete, which include white Portland cement, medium-grained sand, highly active metakaolin, an expanding sulfoaluminate additive, ground granulated blast furnace slag, and a superplasticizer, are determined. It is noted that the assessment of the self-healing process of cracks on the surface of concrete is carried out using a visual method, as well as using an indirect characteristic of self-healing, such as the coefficient of crack resistance. The study aims to enhance the natural potential for self-healing (autogenic mechanism) using special additives with pozzolanic activity. The article presents comprehensive characteristics of the finished product, as well as the results of an experiment on observing the healing of cracks on the surface of concrete.
Keywords: self-healing of concrete, decorative concrete, ground slag, highly active methacaolin, superplasticizer, crack resistance coefficient, autogenic mechanism.
ASSESSMENT OF THE GROUP COMPOSITION OF RUBBER CRUMB MODIFIED BITUMEN BY INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY
Authors: Yu.E. Kabanov, S.A. Ivanov, I.S. Gurkin
Abstract: The paper presents the results of a comparative study of the group composition of BND 70/100 bitumen modified with rubber crumb using one-stage and two-stage technologies. The study was performed by infrared (IR) spectroscopy on a JSM 6480 LV scanning electron microscope. It was found that the basic hydrocarbon matrix of bitumen is preserved upon modification, as evidenced by characteristic absorption bands in the regions of 2 750–2 900, 790–910 and 1 600 cm⁻¹. The criterion for the successful introduction of a rubber modifier is the appearance of new absorption bands in the intervals of 1 950–2 190 cm⁻¹ and 2 200–2 300 cm⁻¹, which correlates with the presence of rubber compounds in the system. The intensification of the band at 1590 cm⁻¹ indicates an increase in the content of high-molecular-weight asphaltenes and structuring resins in modified bitumens. No qualitative differences were found in the IR spectra of samples obtained using different technologies.
Keywords: bitumen, rubber crumb, modification, infrared spectroscopy, group composition, asphaltenes, rubber compounds, IR spectrum.
CALCULATION AND COMPARISON OF FOUNDATION SLAB SEDIMENTS ACCORDING TO DIFFERENT MODELS OF THE SOIL BASE IN MODERN SOFTWARE AND COMPUTING COMPLEX
Authors: S.L. Subbotin, A.D. Krylov
Abstract: The article considers the calculation and results of comparing the sediments of the foundation slab of a 12-storey monolithic residential building with public premises according to different models of the soil foundation.
Keywords: ground base, sediment, Winkler model, Pasternak model, layer-by-layer summation method.
ASSESSMENT OF THE RESIDUAL LIFE AND SERVICE LIFE
OF A REINFORCED CONCRETE ROOF BEAM OF A BOILER HOUSE
IN AN AGGRESSIVE ENVIRONMENT
Authors: A.A. Chernyaev, K.V. Marfin
Abstract: Theoretical calculations and an analysis of the residual life and service life of a reinforced concrete roof beam are performed using the example of the surveyed boiler house building located in residential block 909 in Oryol. The beam is a prestressed reinforced concrete beam with a span of 12 m for roofs of buildings with flat and pitched roofs, manufactured according to series 1.462.1-1/88. The results of calculations for the reinforced concrete beam after technological impact with the formation of corrosion of the working prestressed reinforcement at the bottom face are presented. A theoretical graph of the change in the reinforcement reserve of the working prestressed reinforcement over time is constructed. The theoretical service life of the beam under the considered operating conditions is determined.
Keywords: reinforced concrete roof beam; corrosion of steel reinforcement; residual life; service life.
RATIONALE FOR AN APPROXIMATE NO-LOAD METHOD FOR SEPARATE DETERMINATION OF TRANSFORMER WINDING DISPERSION
Authors: V.I. Bezdeneshnykh
Abstract: The study aims to substantiate an experimental method for determining the reactive scattering resistances for each winding individually. The relevance of this work is due to the widespread use of transformers. The essence of the developed method is revealed, and its advantages and disadvantages for practical use are indicated. The possibility of measuring the scattering resistances of transformer windings individually using several methods is established. The proposed method is characterized by simplicity and satisfactory accuracy of the results.
Keywords: reactive resistance, measurement, voltage, current.
ENSURING INFORMATION SECURITY IN THE ELECTRIC POWER INDUSTRY
Authors: K.B. Korneev, V.K. Korneev
Abstract: The increasing use of information technology in the industrial sector, and most importantly in such critical area as energy production, necessitates the development of systems to control the flow of information collected, transmitted, and processed at power enterprises. While transferring information storage and processing to the “cloud” improves reliability and processing speed, it also makes the system more vulnerable to illegitimate external influence. The integration of highly connected Internet of Things (IoT) network elements can also negatively impact information security.
Keywords: Electric power industry, information security, cyberattack, cybercrime, reliability.
ARTIFICIAL (ELECTROMAGNETIC) ELASTICITY
Authors: V.D. Pavlov
Abstract: Unlike quasi-elastic objects, for which Hooke's law is fulfilled only for small deformations, artificial elasticity should be understood as a value that satisfies Hooke's law for any possible movements. Artificial elasticity can be a component of automation systems, as well as a mechanical linear harmonic oscillator and oscillating devices with uniform elements. A pendulum kLm is described, which can equally be considered as a CmL electric oscillatory circuit. In the considered electromechanical kLm (CmL) system, free harmonic vibrations can occur due to the mutual conversion of the kinetic energy of the load into the energy of the magnetic field of the inductance coil. Artificial elasticity is fundamentally different from the analogy between the coefficient of elasticity and inductance, since electromagnetic analogues cannot be used as elements of mechanical systems. Artificial elasticity can be used in automation devices.
Keywords: elasticity, inductance, balancing, adjustment, pendulum, contour.
COMPARISON OF TRANSIENT PROCESS
IN PIEZOELECTRIC CONVERTER CIRCUIT WITH ELASTIC LOAD
WITH CAPACITOR CHARGING PROCESS
Authors: I.P. Popov
Abstract: Electromechanical converters can have different types of reactance depending on the type of their mechanical load. The purpose of this work is to determine the nature of the transient process when a piezoelectric converter with an elastic load is connected to a constant voltage source. The direct and reverse piezoelectric effects, which are the basis for the converter's operation, are considered. When a piezoelectric converter with an elastic load is connected to a constant voltage source, a transient process occurs that is indistinguishable from the charging process of a capacitor. The results obtained can be used in the development of automated systems.
Keywords: electromechanical converters can have different reactivity depending on the type of their mechanical load. piezoelectric transducer, transient, elastic load, DC voltage.
THE n-SYMMETRY PLANES THEOREM OF A CONVEX BODY
Authors: Al.A. Shum, A.M. Vetoshkin
Abstract: The concept of a moment of the n-th order of a convex body relative to a given plane is considered. A plane is a plane of n-symmetry if the moments of the n-th order of the two sub-bodies into which the initial body is divided by this plane are the same. It is established that the moment of the n-th order of a convex body relative to the plane П, drawn parallel to a given plane, reaches the smallest value when the plane П is the plane of (n 1)-symmetry of this body.
Keywords: moment of n-th order, plane of n-symmetry, plane of half-mass, convex body, density function, mass, center of mass, center of half-mass, electric machine.
CONNECTION OF CAPILLARY ADHESION WITH STRUCTURE
AND MOLDING PROPERTIES OF CERAMIC PRESS POWDERS.
PART 1. DEVELOPMENT OF EVALUATION METHODOLOGY
PARAMETERS OF MACROSTRUCTURE OF PRESS POWDERS
Authors: V.V. Belov
Abstract: To study the macrostructure and microstructure of ceramic press powders, it is necessary to determine such parameters as the porosity of the granule body, its internal voidage and the specific characteristics associated with them, which is a rather complex problem that has not yet been fully solved. Peculiarities of micro- and macrostructure of press powder, as well as its humidity, on which value of capillary autohesia in powder depends, determine technological and moulding properties of press powder: bulk density, flowability, angle of natural slope, compactibility of moulding mixture under pressure in process of pressing. Since the density and porosity and other characteristics of the macrostructure of the granules of the press powder have the main influence on their properties, the density of the semi-finished product and ceramic tiles, special attention is paid to the development of an experimental method for determining the porosity of granules in this work.
Keywords: ceramic press powder, density and porosity, pellet porosity method.
COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF THE CATALYTIC ACTIVITY OF Pt/Al₂O₃
AND Pt/SiO₂ IN THE OXIDATION REACTION OF L-SORBOSE
Authors: M.V. Rodionov, S.K. Smirnov, D.Yu. Tsvetkov, A.I. Petrova, N.V. Lakina, V.Yu. Doluda
Abstract: A systematic comparative study of the catalytic activity of platinum catalysts supported on alumina (Al₂O₃) and silica (SiO₂) carriers in the liquid-phase oxidation of L-sorbose with molecular oxygen has been conducted. It was found that the Pt/SiO₂ catalyst provides significantly higher selectivity towards the target product, 2-keto-L-gulonic acid (on average 70 %), compared to Pt/Al₂O₃ (38 %) at a temperature of 70 °C and a reaction time of 3 hours. The conversion of L-sorbose on Pt/SiO₂ is also 10–15 % higher. Pt/SiO₂ demonstrated good stability upon multiple reuse (up to three cycles), while the activity of Pt/Al₂O₃ decreases by almost half after three cycles. The optimal process temperature was determined to be 70 °C, at which the best balance between conversion and selectivity is achieved. Thus, Pt/SiO₂ is recommended as the preferred catalyst for further research and potential scale-up.
Keywords: L-sorbose, oxidation, platinum catalysts, SiO₂, Al₂O₃, selectivity, conversion, 2-keto-L-gulonic acid.
KINETICS OF ANTIMONITE’S HYDROCHEMICAL OXIDATION
IN SOLUTIONS OF NITRIC ACID
Authors: А.E. Sobolev, N.Yu. Starovoytova, V.Yu. Doluda
Abstract: The kinetics of hydrochemical oxidation of antimonite in solutions of nitric acid was studied using the rotating disk method and the factor experiment design. The adequate kinetic models allowing calculating the specific oxidation rate at any combination of the values of concentration of nitric acid solutions, temperature, disk rotation frequency, and duration of interaction were obtained. The oxidation process is found to proceed in a mixed mode, close to chemically controlled. Gradually, as the sediments of elemental sulfur and Sb2O5 accumulate on the disk surface, the process becomes controlled by internal diffusion. The obtained kinetic characteristics enlarge the database on hydrochemical oxidation kinetics of sulphides and can be used for the elaboration of the recommendations for the effective comprehensive exploitation of antimony-bearing ores and concentrates.
Keywords: antimonite (antimony(III) sulfide), nitric acid, hydrochemical oxidation, kinetics.